A tyre slip-based integrated chassis control of front/rear traction distribution and four-wheel independent brake from moderate driving to limit handling

This paper presents a tyre slip-based integrated chassis control of front/rear traction distribution and four-wheel braking for enhanced performance from moderate driving to limit handling. The proposed algorithm adopted hierarchical structure: supervisor – desired motion tracking controller – optimisation-based control allocation. In the supervisor, by considering transient cornering characteristics, desired vehicle motion is calculated. In the desired motion tracking controller, in order to track desired vehicle motion, virtual control input is determined in the manner of sliding mode control. In the control allocation, virtual control input is allocated to minimise cost function. The cost function consists of two major parts. First part is a slip-based tyre friction utilisation quantification, which does not need a tyre force estimation. Second part is an allocation guideline, which guides optimally allocated inputs to predefined solution. The proposed algorithm has been investigated via simulation from moderate driving to limit handling scenario. Compared to Base and direct yaw moment control system, the proposed algorithm can effectively reduce tyre dissipation energy in the moderate driving situation. Moreover, the proposed algorithm enhances limit handling performance compared to Base and direct yaw moment control system. In addition to comparison with Base and direct yaw moment control, comparison the proposed algorithm with the control algorithm based on the known tyre force information has been conducted. The results show that the performance of the proposed algorithm is similar with that of the control algorithm with the known tyre force information.     

重型柴油车NOx排放远程监测准确性研究

文章通过采用不同浓度的反应剂来模拟重型国六柴油车正常状态、临界超标及SCR性能失效状态下的实际道路NOx排放,从而研究远程排放管理平台对超标车型识别的效果。试验结果表明,NOx临界超标与SCR完全失效状态下,远程排放管理平台采集的国六整车实际道路NOx排放与PEMS设备结果基本一致,而正常状态下,尿素过量喷射导致的NH3泄露会对车载NOx传感器精度造成影响,进而导致远程排放管理平台采集的国六整车NOx排放与PEMS设备存在偏差。     

考虑摩擦滑移的普通板式橡胶支座剪切性能研究

普通板式橡胶支座作为中国量大面广的公路钢筋混凝土梁桥结构体系中的重要支承构件,其力学性能对局部和整体结构的刚度分布和受力变形特点具有一定的影响,甚至影响服役公路桥梁结构的安全性和适应性。因此,针对桥梁服役过程中该类支座普遍存在的滑移、脱空等典型病害特征,研究其不同受力状态下的剪切性能。考虑支座界面接触方式、几何尺寸等参数,设计并进行了6个普通板式橡胶支座的剪切性能试验。对不同参数影响下支座的损伤破坏模式、剪应变-剪应力曲线、支座有效剪切应变及抗剪刚度等参数进行对比分析。进一步应用有限元数值模拟方法,对摩擦滑移下的支座剪切性能进行参数分析,并将其有限元分析结果与普通板式橡胶支座的剪切性能试验结果进行对比。研究结果表明,支座上、下表面的接触摩擦条件可明显影响支座的水平侧移和抗侧力。对于界面摩擦因数较小的情况,卸载后支座摩擦滑动位移不能完全恢复,随着循环加载次数的增加,摩擦滑动位移增幅增大,且支座界面摩擦滑移可降低支座有效剪切变形和抗剪刚度的发挥。0.5,0.7,1.0等效剪切变形下支座的抗剪刚度试验结果、模拟结果与理论计算结果对比表明,试验结果与模拟结果吻合较好,而既有抗剪刚度理论计算结果偏大,且未考虑支座界面摩擦滑移、脱空的影响。因此,在进行实际桥梁结构的力学性能计算时,应考虑不同受力阶段支座力学性能指标的取值。     

真空联合堆载预压在超载状态下的卸载时机分析

为了合理解决超载状态下真空联合堆载预压法的卸载时机问题,通过对超载状态下沉降速率法、工后沉降值法和应力固结度法的计算分析,结合深圳某真空联合堆载预压实验区的现场实测资料,分析了不同方法在超载状态下卸载时机判定的可行性及存在问题,通过综合分析,能够合理准确地判定卸载时机。     

A Novel Approach to Vehicle Dynamics using the Theory of a Cosserat Point and its Application to Collision Analyses of Platooning Vehicles

A fully three-dimensional, computationally inexpensive vehicular model is presented. In contrast to traditional rigid body models, the vehicle's sprung mass is modeled as a (nonlinearly) deformable body. The formulation of the equations of motion is based on a continuum theory known as the theory of a Cosserat point. These equations largely preserve the relative simplicity of rigid body dynamics but incorporate deformable features. The ease of computer implementation permits the simultaneous simulation of vehicle and collision dynamics of multiple vehicles and highway objects. In this paper, the theory of a Cosserat point is summarized and its general application to vehicle and collision dynamics is illustrated. A three-dimensional collision algorithm is discussed with emphasis on small closing velocities (negligible residual crush, elastic rebound). The novel model is compared to standard procedures.     

The effects of wheelset driving system suspension parameters on the re-adhesion performance of locomotives

In this study, in order to examine the effects of a wheelset driving system suspension parameters on the re-adhesion performance of locomotives, the stick–slip vibration was analysed according to theoretical and simulation analysis. The decrease of the slip rate vibration amplitude improved the stability of the stick–slip vibration and the re-adhesion performance of locomotives. Increasing the longitudinal guide stiffness of the wheelset and the motor suspension stiffness were proposed as effective measures to improve the re-adhesion performance of locomotives. These results showed that the dynamic slip rate was inversely proportional to the series result of the square root of the longitudinal guide and motor suspension stiffness. The larger the motor suspension stiffness was, the smaller the required longitudinal guidance stiffness was at the same re-adhesion time once the wheel slip occurred, and vice versa. The simulation results proved that the re-adhesion time of the locomotive was approximately proportional to amplitude of the dynamic slip rate. When the stick–slip vibration occurred, the rotary and the longitudinal vibrations of the wheelset were coupled, which was confirmed by train's field tests.     

铸造方法及过程控制对铸件精度的影响

以重型机械设备上的钢铁铸件为例，对以前和今后的发展具有重要意义的各种影响因素和起作用的原因进行探讨和阐明。     

结合水对软土次固结特性的影响机制研究

结合水对软土的工程特性具有重要影响，为研究结合水对软土次固结特性的影响机制，选取天津软土为研究对象，开展了结合水的等温吸附试验及原状土和不同结合水含量下重塑土的固结蠕变试验。从结合水角度对原状土的固结蠕变特性进行了探讨，并就结合水类型及含量对重塑土蠕变特性的影响机制进行了研究。研究结果表明：等温吸附试验中90%相对湿度节点为土中强、弱结合水的界限，98%相对湿度节点为弱结合水和自由水的界限；相应的，土中强结合水吸附量为13.2%，弱结合水吸附量为22.6%；另外，水化中心的改变导致强结合水阶段吸-脱附过程之间存在明显的滞后效应。原状土固结蠕变过程中，当固结压力p＞400 kPa后，土体的次固结受弱结合水控制，此时结合水排水比自由水困难许多，这是原状土次固结系数在400 kPa后开始逐渐减小的原因之一；原状土在整个固结蠕变过程中排出了12.1%的自由水和9%的弱结合水，没有强结合水排出。在强结合水范围内重塑土的次固结变形及次固结系数对结合水量的变化并不敏感，进入强、弱结合水共存状态后，结合水量对重塑土次固结的影响逐渐显现出来，次固结变形量及次固结系数随含水量的增加呈现加速增加的趋势，说明弱结合水是软土固结蠕变的主控因素。     

管涌后缺级砂土的压缩固结特性试验研究

土体管涌对重要工程的危害众所周知,发生管涌后土体的承载力将直接影响上部建筑的安全性。故而研究管涌前后土体的压缩固结特性至关重要。选用标准试验砂与可溶性盐,利用相同级配的不同密实度砂进行不同管涌侵蚀程度下的缺级砂土压缩固结试验。结果表明,在相同的管涌侵蚀程度下砂土压缩性与固结系数都随管涌前初始密实度的增大而减小,其压缩模量则反之。随管涌侵蚀的扩大,土体压缩曲线变化并不规律,以30%的细粒流失量为转折点;而固结系数逐渐增大,且增大趋势明显。受管涌侵蚀越严重的砂土在同等附加应力作用下越容易发生沉降,压缩系数越大。利用函数拟合沉降量与时间关系曲线,分析得出土体沉降速率与初始密实度也有较大关联。     

真空预压中地下水位变化的研究

分析真空预压中地下水位变化的研究现状,指出目前研究存在的问题。在土水势概念的基础上,以工程应用为目的,定义了地下水位。从真空预压加固地基的机理出发,分析了不同水流边界和不同渗透性的地基土在真空预压处理中地下水位变化的可能情况。通过分析指出,真空预压过程中,地下水位不可能下降,地下水位不变和上升是可能的;认为真空预压兼有降水预压的双重效果是不合理的。在此基础上进一步总结了真空预压法的加固机理。最后探讨了真空预压中地下水位的量测方法。